（四）、语态转换
语态分为被动语态和主动语态 ， 汉语中主动语态使用率较高 ， 英语中被动语态的使用率较高 。
（五）、语序变换
为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义 ， 有时需要对原文的语序进行调整 。
（六）、分译与合译
考生在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时 ， 可以考虑分译 ， 以使译文简洁 ， 通俗易懂 。同时考生也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子翻译成一句英文 ， 可以用连接词来链接 。
（七）、正反表达翻译
正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况：1.汉语从正面表达 ， 英语从反面表达 。2.汉语从反面表达 ， 译文从正面表达 。
二．写作
帮同学们整理了几个作文基础功能句
第一类：表示原因
1) There are three reasons for this.
2) The reasons for this are as follows.
3) The reason for this is obvious.
4) The reason for this is not far to seek.
5) The reason for this is that……
第二类：表示益处/害处
表示益处：
1) It has the following advantages.
2) It does us a lot of good.
3) It benefits us quite a lot.
4) It is beneficial to us.
5) It is of great benefit to us.
6) We have good reason to believe that……
表示害处：
1) It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2) It does us much harm.
第三类：表示变化
1) Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world\'s communications.
3) The computer has brought about many changes in education.
第四类：表示重要性
1) doing sth. is of utmost importance / should be given priority
2) it is admitted that sb. should do
3) It plays an important role in our life.
第五类：表示措施
1) We should take some effective measures.
2) It is high time we tried our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3) Great effort is needed to……
4) There are several ways to deal with the problem.
第六类：表示事实现状（首段常见）
1) We cannot ignore the fact that……
2) No one can deny the fact that……/ There is no denying the fact that……
3) indeed / apparently / obviously
4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5) It is true that……
第七类：表示比较
1) Compared with A ， B……
2) I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3) There is a striking contrast between them.
第八类：表示看法（首段或尾段）
1) People have(take ， adopt ， assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2) from my point of view
3) People take different views of(on)the question.
4) Some people believe that……Others argue that……
5) in terms of……
各位备考的战友们 ， 冲锋的号角已经吹响 ， 是时候检验自己水平和实力！信心来自实力 ， 实力来自勤奋 ， 希望不问收获 ， 但问耕耘 ， 都能交出自己满意的答卷

文章插图
文：朱成岚、王愉乐；图：葛侥脐、冯凯源

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