How could we make it better? Well: "There are many reasons why cities suffer from traffic problems, such as. . ."
我们要如何写得更好？为什么城市有交通问题的原因有很多 ， 如……
OK, that\'s better. You are addressing the question and giving general examples. "Overuse of cars causes air pollution, which damages people\'s health."
这样更好 ， 你提出了问题并给出了事例 。汽车过度使用引发空气污染 ， 危害人类健康 。
No good, it\'s not relevant to the question. The question is not about overuse of cars, or problems which that causes. How could we improve it?
不好 ， 与问题无关 。问题不是过度使用汽车或其引出的问题 。我们如何改进它呢？
How about this: "Traffic problems can cause stress, pollution and lost productivity." Better - you are talking about traffic problems and showing why this topic is important.
这样怎么样：交通问题可以引发压力、污染和生产力损失 。好点了 ， 你谈论的是交通问题并比体现出该问题的重要性 。
OK, point three: give background information or general examples. In your introduction, you don\'t want to go into a lot of detail, or repeat points that you are going to make later in your essay.
第三点 ， 给出背景信息或事例 。在你的序言中 ， 你不应涉入许多细节或重复之后文章中的论点 。
However, you should add some general examples to help your reader understand the topic, and to stimulate your reader\'s interest. For example, you could include a statistic: "The average commuter spends around 90 minutes a day driving to and from work."
然而 ， 你应添加一些事例帮助读者明白主题 ， 激发兴趣 。例如你应包括统计数据 。平均通勤者一天在路上花费的时间约90分钟”
A trend: "The frequency of traffic jams in major cities has almost doubled in the last ten years." Or, a personal example: "In my city, the traffic is so bad that even a short journey can take two hours."
一种趋势：在过去的10年里 ， 大城市的交通拥堵频发率几乎增了两倍 。或用个人例子：在我的城市 ， 交通很差 ， 甚至短途旅行都要花两小时 。
Obviously, if you\'re writing in an exam, you may not be able to check statistics or other information, so for exams like IELTS, using personal examples is often a good idea. Lastly, point four: explain how you are going to approach the topic.
显然如果你在考写作 ， 你不能查数据或信息 ， 所以像在雅思考试中 ， 使用个人例子常是一个好主意 。最后第四点 ， 解释你如何论证该话题 。
If your introduction is well-written, your reader should have an idea of what you\'re going to say in the rest of your essay. This will make your essay clearer, because your reader already understands what you\'re going to do, and your reader can anticipate your next paragraph, your next point, which makes your essay easier to understand.
如果你的开头写得很好 ， 读者应对你之后文章写的内容有概念 。这会让你的文章更清晰 ， 因为你的读者已经明白你要讲的 ， 他可以预测到你下一段要写的内容 ， 你的要点 ， 这让你的文章更易读懂 。
To do this, of course you need to know what you\'re going to say in the rest of your essay, and how your ideas are going to be organised. This means you need to plan your essay before you write your introduction.
当然你要知道在文章接下来写什么 ， 并且要如何构思 。这意味着你需要在写序言前计划好你的文章 。
If you\'re writing an academic essay, for university, for example, and time is not a problem, then it\'s possible to write the essay first, and then write the introduction at the end. Some people prefer this approach, and if you find it easier, use it, go for it; there\'s nothing wrong with it.

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