5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论
判断和推理的能力对深刻理解一篇文章十分重要 。特别是对理解作者字里行间的言外之意以及作者的观点、写作意图和态度十分重要 。所以这也是阅读理解测试中常见的题目内容 。这类题常要求考生推断文章的含义和引申意思；根据文章所提供的部分信息或文章的含义进行归纳；判断所节选文章的某一部分的内容要点；有时甚至要求推断作者的身分 。下面是判断、推理的一些常见的表达方式：
1. What is implied in the sentence(s) ... ? 2. It is implied in the passage that3. The passage implies / suggests that4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?7. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage? 8. Based on the passage, we can assume that9. We can learn from the passage that the author is10. In Which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? 11. The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss?
例1
"Do you believe in life after death?" Jack\'s boss asked Jack.
"Yes, sir."
"Well, then, that makes everything just fine," the boss went on. "About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandfather\'s funeral, he dropped in to see you."
1. What do you suppose Jack did the day before?A. He attended his grandfather\'s funeral.B. He told a lie to get the day off.C. He meant to attend a funeral but didn\'t.D. He did nothing special; he worked as usual.
2. What do you suppose happened to Jack\'s grandfather the day before?A. He had been dead for some days but suddenly came to life again.B. He was well and alive but his family thought he was dead and planned a funeral.C. He learned that Jack had cheated his boss and came to expose him.D. Nothing special happened to him; he was going about his usual business.
3. When the boss said, "That makes everything just fine", he _______A. meant he was glad that Jack\' s grandfather was still alive B. meant he was glad that Jack believed in life after death C. was, in fact, telling Jack that everything was OKD. was, in fact, telling Jack that he had been found out
4. Who does the writer want to say was a real believer in life after death?A. Jack. B. Jack\'s boss.C. Jack\' s grandfather. D. No one.
这是一个幽默故事，它的幽默点往往不会直接说出来 。读者应该领悟其隐含的核心信息："杰克撒谎然后被揭穿" 。
这四个问题的答案如下：1．13； 2．D； 3．D； 4．D
例2
Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population --growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
1. It is implied that fifty years agoA. eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB. twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC. the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD. the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was much smaller than that of industrial workers

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