1．"Defied" in the last sentence probably means ________.A. \'doubted\' B. \'9ave proof to\' C. \'challenged\' D. \'agreed to \'本题考查的是根据上下文进行词义猜测的能力 。defied是defy的过去式，根据最后一句可以推测它的词义，但必须完全读懂defied前后部分的意思：前一部分是说从海底捞出的电缆上覆盖着各种各样的生物，后一部分是当时的科学观点认为海底深处是没有生命的 。由此可见，前一部分的"事实\'\'(…，a fact which…)是"批驳"后一部分的"观点" 。所以，答案是选项C，"challenged" 。这个词的原意是"向……挑战"，因而有"对……持异议"、"反对"的意思，其宾语常常是针对某种意见、观点或权威 。
例4 We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching．On the contrary， both their knowledge and experience are enriched．We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils．It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates．It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not—SO-bright child．After all，it Can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!1．By "held back"(1ine l)the author means"???________"．A. made to remain in the same classB. forced to study in the lower class C. drawn to their studiesD. prevented from advancing 本题考的是对词组holdback的理解 。根据上下文，它的意思是"阻挡，阻碍"，选项D是答案 。当然holdback还可以表示(1)"犹豫"，如：I have noticed that you do not holdback in our discussion．(我发觉你在讨论时并不犹豫)；(2) "控制"，如：The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters．(大坝不够坚固，挡不住洪水)；(3)"保留、不公布"，如： I think he\'s holding something back；he knows more than he admits．(我认为他还隐瞒了一些事情，他知道的比他承认的多) 。对照上下文，选项A、B、C都不能表达hold back的意义 。
例5In the workplace，men have long had well—defined precedents and role models for achieving Success．It has been otherwise for women．A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of \'\'masculine\'\' and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing．The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men．Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming—shorter hair．moderate use of make—up，and plain tailored clothing．As one male administrator confessed，"An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview，but she won\'t get a job."1．The word "precedents" in line l probably refers to __________.A. early acts for men to follow as examplesB. particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance C. things that men should agree uponD. men\'s belief that everything in the world has already been decided
本题要求考生推测precedents的意思 。这个题目比较难，需要构词法的知识并通过上下文的帮助，才能答对 。从第一、二句可以看出，precedents在意义上与role models是并列的 。而且，它的前缀pre- 有"先"，"前"的意思，实际上它是precede(先行、领先)加后缀-ent构成的，意思是"先例，惯例" 。所以只有选项A才是正确答案 。
4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系阅读理解不能仅仅停留在句子水平上 。有的读者对一篇文章的一些个别句子好像是理解的，但由于不能理解它们与上下文中其他句子的逻辑关系，因而整篇文章讲的是什么则不能准确掌握 。在阅读理解测试中，考核这一阅读技能的题目是大量的，而且题干的形式和措词没有固定形式，但从考核目标和内容来看，这一类题目往往要求读者准确理解一些有关联的句子之间的种种逻辑关系(例如概括和举例说明、前因后果、行为动机、比较、条件或让步等) 。例如：

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