多年来 ， 粗野主义一边被妖魔化 ， 一边被吹捧 。 该术语由英国建筑评论家Reyner Banham于1955年创造 ， 用于描述建筑师Peter和Alison Smithson的作品 。 从20世纪70年代开始 ， 这些类似堡垒的混凝土巨石变得非常不受欢迎 。 最近 ， 当崇拜者开始赞扬诸如谢菲尔德的普雷斯顿巴士站和公园山那样的建筑时 ， 此类建筑才得以流行 。 虽然粗野主义的建筑不是混凝土建筑的首例 ， 但却是将这种材质应用在立面之中的创新做法 。 在此之前 ， 混凝土通常隐藏在表面之下 。

7. Brutalism

Over the years Brutalism has been demonized and celebrated in equal measure. The term was coinedby the British architectural critic Reyner Banham in 1955 to describe the work of architects Peter and Alison Smithson. From the 1970s on these fortress-like concrete monoliths became immensely unpopular. They only rose in popularity recently when new admirers started to praise buildings like Preston Bus Station and Park Hill in Sheffield as architectural landmarks. While Brutalist buildings were obviously not the first to use concrete they were the first to use it for the construction’s facade. Before this concrete was usually hidden beneath the surface.