研究表明,各方面的物质环境可以影响创造力 。2007年,琼迈耶斯,利维在美国明尼苏达大学的报告说,一个房间天花板的高度影响人们如何去思考 。她的研究表明,更高的天花板鼓励人们更加自由的思考,这可能导致他们做出更多的抽象联想 。低的天花板,另一方面,可能会激发更详细的展望 。
此外,天花板的高度,所建筑物所提供的视野可能会影响到工作人员的注意力 。南希井和她的同事发现,在康奈尔大学的研究,那些经历了在绿色方面大幅度提高的全家搬家的孩子们,在注意力的测试水平上有了巨大的提高 。
运用天性去改善关注的焦点应该在学术上取得成功,它似乎是,根据由佐zhi亚大学负责学术设计与规划实验室的肯尼思唐纳领导的一项研究显示 。唐纳和他的研究小组发现,距离窗子至少50英尺远的拥有畅通视野的教室学生比那些基本上忽视道路和停车场的学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学的测试上有更高的分数 。
最近一项关于室内照明设计的研究表明,暗淡的灯光有助于人们放松 。如果这大体上是真的,在晚宴或是聚会上保持低的光线可以增加放松 。哈佛医学院的研究人员还发现,带有圆角边缘的家具可以帮助参观者放松 。
迄今科学家们主要集中在公共建筑 。“我们有一个数量非常有限的研究,因此,我们看问题几乎是管中窥豹 ”建筑师大卫艾里森说 。“你怎么回答非常具体的问题,并把它们广泛的,普遍的运用呢?这就是我们都苦苦挣扎的事情 。
D 篇
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance ,the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list . Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often itis viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression_r of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind ofperception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way . Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore emotive(情感的) meaning ofthe same phenomenon . We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason:No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music education is far more necessary than people to realize.
当学生和家长的要求根据重要性去评估学科,艺术就不可避免的排在了清单的底部 。音乐很不错,人们似乎说,但并不重要 。它往往被视为单纯的娱乐,但肯定不是优先教育 。这种看法是短浅的 。事实上,音乐教育对所有的学生是有益的、重要的 。
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