spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱) 。
例:I spent two hours on this distance problem.
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事 。
例:They spent three years (in) getting into university.
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 。
例:His money was spent for car.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱 。
例:A refrigerator costs a lot of money.
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间 。
例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
注意:
cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句 。
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间 。
例:It took them three years to get into university.
【用cost造句一般过去时 cost的过去式是什么】(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间 。
例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买…… 。
例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱 。
例:I have to pay for the book lost.
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 。
例:Don\'t worry!I\'ll pay for you.
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人 。
例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬 。
(5)pay money back 还钱 。
例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I\'ll pay it back next week.
(6)pay off one\'s money还清钱 。
例:I have paid off your money.
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:
(sb)spend some money/some time on sth.
(sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.
例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣 。
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天 。
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物 。句式是:
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth=Sth.takes sb.some time.
例如: It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间 。
The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间 。
(3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth)
例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣 。
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine? 他买药已付医生50英镑 。
How much did you pay him? 你付他多少钱?
(4) cost的主语必须是某物 。spend … on sth./in doing sth.的主语必须是人 。pay … for 的主语也是人 。It takes + sb.+ 时间(或钱)to do sth.的主语则必须是形式主语It 。动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money 。

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